Tuesday, 10 November 2009
Saturday, 07 November 2009
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Should Churches Be Taxed?
(I got this idea from Paul_Partisan's post here and wanted to expand on it.)
Why are churches tax-exempt?
The First Amendment prohibits the government from "respecting an establishment of religion." Our government does exactly that by granting exemption to churches - religious institutions - but discriminating against nonreligious ones. This violates the separation of church and state.
Requiring churches to pay taxes like every other institution would not violate anyone's freedom of religion. Churches would still be free to conduct their "business." Churchgoers would still be free to practice whatever faith they choose.
I do think a church should be able to petition for a tax-exempt status if it can prove it is giving back to the community like other charities.
What do you think?
Tuesday, 27 October 2009
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Should the United States Abolish the Death Penalty?
INTRODUCTION
Most Americans believe that the death penalty is applied fairly in this country and do not think it is imposed enough ("Crime"). Yet 64 percent doubt that executions have much effect at deterring murder and 95 percent think that innocent people are sometimes convicted of murder ("Crime"). Why would anyone support the death penalty if they doubt its accuracy or effectiveness? Many people do so because they consider the death penalty a fair, cost-effective crime deterrent. This essay investigates the fairness, cost efficiency, and effectiveness of the death penalty. I do not measure its propriety on the basis of morality because morals vary depending on the individual, culture, and/or society. Facts provide objective, empirical proof.
Regardless of one’s moral views, studies show that:
The death penalty does not deter crime.
Verdicts often depend on arbitrary factors instead of evidence.
The death penalty costs more than the alternatives.
Many death row inmates are found innocent.
The death penalty makes wrongful convictions irreversible.
These results show that the current death penalty is unjust, inefficient, and ineffective. In fact, the use of the death penalty in this nation poses a deadly risk to any person who risks being wrongfully arrested.
1. The death penalty does not deter crime.
Studies show that deterring a criminal does not deter the crime. States with the death penalty have consistently higher murder rates than states without the death penalty, and the gap has increased tenfold since 1990 ("Deterrence...").





Between 1980 and 2000, states with the death penalty experienced homicide rates 48 to 101 percent higher than in states without the death penalty ("The Death Penalty and Deterrence."). An effective punishment must be both swift and consistent. The death penalty lacks both a swift execution and the certainty of the death penalty ("Why Capital Punishment…"). If policymakers added these two factors to death penalty policies, the death penalty would most likely deter more crime.
2. Verdicts often depend on arbitrary factors instead of evidence
Death penalty convictions often depend not on evidence but on arbitrary factors such as the level of representation, location, race, and the court.
Representation influences verdicts. When it comes to capital punishment, many claim that "those without the capital get the punishment" ("Living..."). Defendants who can afford better attorneys often receive lesser sentences, while those who cannot afford their own attorney are often sentenced to death. In addition, death row inmates have a one-in-three chance of being executed if they have 1) no claims of innocence or unfairness presented, and 2) an incompetent attorney investigating their case ("Lethal Indifference..."). These aspects of representation have nothing to do with innocence or evidence. This is also the unjust disposing of the poor.
Along with representation, location also influences a verdict. If the death penalty worked, one would expect areas with higher murder rates to have more executions. However, many areas have murder rates that do not justify the degree of executions. For example, Maryland's Baltimore County had nine times the number of people on death row as did Baltimore City in 2002, despite only having a tenth as many murders ("Arbitrariness"). Counties in Ohio, Indiana, and New York experience similar inconsistencies that reduce the effectiveness of the death penalty.
In general, an overwhelming majority of executions occur in the South: Eighty-three percent of all executions since 1976 occurred in the South, as well as 95 percent of all executions in 2008 alone ("Arbitrariness"). Even if a majority of violent crimes occur in the South, these percentages reveal an uneven distribution beyond reason.
Racism also impact verdicts: Murderers of white victims receive the death penalty more often than those of black victims. A study in Philadelphia found that blacks received the death penalty 38 percent more often than all other comparable defendants ("Race..."). Also, the chances of the death sentence in cases including a black defendant and a white victim increase when five or more white males serve on the jury ("Race..."). This evidence shows that race often plays a larger part in the death penalty than evidence, which further undermines the efficiency of the death penalty.
Another undermining factor is the court: Interviews with jurors found that half decide on the penalty before they hear penalty phase evidence, and jury selection methods often result in disproportionately "guilt-prone and death-prone" juries ("Arbitrariness"). In addition, the sooner jurors believe a defendant will return to society if not given the death penalty, the more likely they will vote for it ("Arbitrariness"). Both judges and juries often base their decisions on factors other than evidence.
3. The death penalty costs more than the alternatives.
Many people assume that the death penalty costs less than a life sentence because it eliminates the cost of life-long care. The opposite is true: Every step of the death penalty, from sentencing to security to execution, is longer and more costly than those of the alternatives. In at least ten states with the death penalty, it costs several times as much to sentence and confine an inmate to death row as it does to life without possibility of parole ("Costs of the Death Penalty"):
North Carolina spends $2.16 million more per execution than a sentence of life imprisonment
Florida spends $51 million more each year for first-degree murderers
Texas death penalty cases cost three times as much as non-capital cases
Indiana’s total death penalty cost is 38 percent higher than that of life without parole
Why is the death penalty more expensive?
Legal costs: Almost everyone facing the possibility of the death sentence cannot afford their own attorney, so the state must pay for the costs of two public defenders and the prosecution ("Costs of the Death Penalty").
Pre-trial costs: Since capital cases are far more complicated than non-capital cases, experts are often needed for “forensic evidence, mental health, and the social history of the defendant” ("Costs of the Death Penalty").
Trial length: Death penalty trials can last over four times longer than non-capital trials, requiring juror and attorney compensation as well as court personnel and other related costs ("Costs of the Death Penalty").
Incarceration: Most death row inmates require more security and other accommodations because they live in solitary confinement in a special facility ("Costs of the Death Penalty").
4. Many death row inmates are found innocent.
The inefficiency of the death penalty leads to the execution of innocent people. Since 1973, 135 death row inmates have been released with evidence of their innocence. The average rose from 3.1 exonerations per year between 1973 and 1999 to five exonerations per year between 2000 to 2007 ("Innocence and the Death Penalty"). According to strong evidence, seven innocent men have already been executed of whom we know ("American Civil...").
Wrongful convictions often occur because forensic science can be flawed, omitted, or misrepresented. Four states currently “provide no mechanism” for prisoners to prove their innocence via DNA testing ("American Civil..."). In addition, the National Academy of Sciences found “severe flaws” in forensic science systems including fingerprinting, firearms identification, and the analysis of bite marks, blood spatter, hair and handwriting ("American Civil..."). If our accuracy is so flawed, giving a sentence as permanent as death is unwise and cruel.
5. The death penalty makes wrongful convictions irreversible.
Sentencing an innocent person to death and carrying out the execution, especially when evidence shows that the current death penalty is unreliable, is a foolish and irreversible mistake.
CONCLUSION
The Fifth Amendment states that no person shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” The process by which the death sentence is given is not due process. It suffers numerous flaws including ineffectiveness, inconsistency, prejudice, and flat-out errors. We cannot risk applying it to the justice system and the lives of defendants. Executing an innocent person represents the height of injustice.
The death penalty is intended to protect society. It not only fails to accomplish that, it jeopardizes our citizens. Perhaps if we could perfect its accuracy and efficiency, the death penalty would meet society’s expectations of being a fair, cost-effective crime deterrence. But until then, the death penalty simply does not work.
WORKS CITED
1. "American Civil Liberties Union: Death Penalty: Innocence." ACLU. 13 September 2009. <http://www.aclu.org/capital/innocence/index.html>
2. "Arbitrariness." 2009. Death Penalty Information Center. 1 Aug 2009. <http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/arbitrariness>
3. "Costs of the Death Penalty." 2009. Death Penalty Information Center. 1 Aug 2009. <http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/costs-death-penalty>
4. "Crime." 2009. Polling Report, Inc. 13 September 2009. <http://www.pollingreport.com/crime.htm>
5. "The Death Penalty and Deterrence." 2009. Amnesty International USA. 20 Aug 2009. <http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/death-penalty-facts/the-death-penalty-and-deterrence/page.do?id=1101085>
6. Chart. "Deterrence: States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates." 2009. Death Penalty Information Center. 3 Aug 2009. <http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/deterrence-states-without-death-penalty-have-had-consistently-lower-murder-rates>
7. Figure 1. "Deterrence: States Without the Death Penalty Have Had Consistently Lower Murder Rates." 2009. Death Penalty Information Center. 27 October 2009. <http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/deterrence-states-without-death-penalty-have-had-consistently-lower-murder-rates#stateswithvwithout>
8. Figure 2. "Arbitrariness." 2009. Death Penalty Information Center. 1 Aug 2009. <http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/arbitrariness>
9. Figure 3. "Abolish The Death Penalty." 2009. Sisters of St. Francis of the Holy Cross. 27 October 2009. <http://www.gbfranciscansisters.org/peacemaking/images/RIPDeathPenalty.jpg>
10. "Innocence and the Death Penalty." 2009. Death Penalty Information Center. 5 Aug 2009. <http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence-and-death-penalty>
11. "Lethal Indifference: An Executive Summary." 2002. Texas Defender Service. 8 Aug 2009. <http://texasdefender.org/execsum.pdf>
12. Midwestgirl. "Why Capital Punishment Doesn't Deter Crime." 2006. Associated Content, Inc. 13 September 2009. <http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/41648/why_capital_punishment_doesnt_deter.html?cat=17>
13. "Race and the Death Penalty." 2009. Death Penalty Information Center. 8 Aug 2009. <http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/race-and-death-penalty>
14. Stahl, Samuel M. "Living in the Death Penalty Capital." 7 May 1999. Temple Beth-El. 7 Aug 2009. <http://www.beth-elsa.org/be_s0507.htm>
Monday, 21 September 2009
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The Writing and Editing Industry Today
This is a career fact sheet I wrote for my Technical Writing course. Feel free to read and comment!THE WRITING AND EDITING INDUSTRY TODAY
Careers in Writing and Editing
The two major careers in the writing and editing industry are writers and editors. Writers produce a variety of original written materials for books, magazines, journals, online publications, company newsletters, radio and television, movies, and advertisements. The three major types of writers are copy writers, technical writers, and freelance writers.
• Copy writers write materials to promote the sale of a good or service and may contribute to its marketing.
• Technical writers provide information in an easy-to-read format, such as manuals, catalogs, instructions, and project proposals.
• Freelance writers sell their work, make contracts, or are hired by publishers, enterprises, manufacturing firms, public relations departments, or advertising agencies. Most are self-employed and paid per assignment.
Editors evaluate proposed story ideas, decide whether or not to buy publication rights, plan, review and edit drafts of written works; give their clients constructive criticism on how to improve their work, and supervise the production of publications. Editors also hire entry-level assistants (copy editors) to review copy for grammatical errors, check for readability, style, and agreement with editorial policy; suggest revisions, carry out research, and verify facts, dates, and statistics.
Educational Requirements
A career in writing or editing often requires a college degree. Employers prefer to hire individuals with degrees in communications, journalism, or English, as well as those with a broad liberal arts background.
Other requirements include:
• The ability to express information in a clear and logical method
• A passion for writing/edition
• Creativity, curiosity, and self-motivation.
• Tact and leadership
Experience
The writing and editing industry is highly competitive because it attracts many people. Most employers require basic technical knowledge, and writers and editors who publish their work online must have basic knowledge about graphic design and multimedia software. Online publications and services are becoming more popular, increasing the demand for writers and editors with technical experience.
Opportunities for Advancement
In small firms, opportunities for advancement and full-time work can be limited because small firms often lack regular work or cannot afford to employ writers full-time. However, entry-level employees may begin writing or editing material immediately. In larger firms, however, they conduct research, verify articles, or copy edit drafts. Advancement is more predictable but occurs more slowly than in smaller firms.
Projected Job Growth
The writing and editing industry is expected to grow 10 percent from 2006 to 2016, the average for all occupations. The rapid growth and change in scientific and technological industries is expected to increase the demand for technical writers and writers with expertise in law, medicine, or economics. Experienced workers who transfer jobs or retire are also expected to increase job openings.
The median annual earnings in May 2008 were:
• $57,180 for salaried editors
• $64,210 for salaried technical writers
• $64,560 for salaried writers and authors
The National Employment Matrix predicts:
• A 20 percent job increase for technical writers
• A 13 percent job increase for writers and authors
• A two percent job increase for editors
The "Big Picture"
The writing and editing industry contributes to the economy by providing a variety of specialized jobs in a stable and growing industry that offer a significant source of income. The industry contributes to society because it interests readers, attracts customers, and informs the public. Employers need a variety of skilled employees to meet their needs, and society needs writers and editors who can successfully communicate complex information to them.
Many employees in other industries often rely on the writing and editing industry to perform well in their jobs and at home. Some people need the products and services of the industry just to stay alive. Disabled individuals rely on the expertise of nurses, who must be able to read and understand instructions on how to best assist their patients. More directly, a homeowner trying to put out a fire must be able to read and understand the instructions on his fire extinguisher or risk losing his house and even his life.
SOURCES:
“Writers and Editors.” 18 December 2007. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. 6 September 2009.
“U.S. Census Press Releases.” 1 September 2009. U.S. Census Bureau. 6 September 2009.
Friday, 04 September 2009
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Texas Mandates Religion in Public Schools?
What is this about the Texas State school board declaring it mandatory that "all Texas public schools offer information in their curriculum about the Bible"?!
The First Amendment... in the Bill of Rights... in our Constitution... prohibits Congress from "respecting an establishment of religion."
How is this legal? Is Texas challenging the First Amendment? Should the Supreme Court get involved? Could this lead to secession down the road? Is Texas radical enough to consider secession today?
Thursday, 27 August 2009
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Quotes
Since I'll be busy with my last college semester, have a list of quotes that inspire me:
GOVERNMENT"A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine." --Thomas Jefferson
"The democracy will cease to exist when you take away from those who are willing to work and give to those who would not." --Thomas Jefferson
"Democracy is two lions and a lamb voting on what to have for dinner. Liberty is a well-armed lamb." --Benjamin Franklin
"A government of laws, and not of men." --John Adams
"I predict future happiness for Americans if they can prevent the government from wasting the labors of the people under the pretense of taking care of them." --Thomas Jefferson
"My reading of history convinces me that most bad government results from too much government." --Thomas Jefferson
"No government ought to be without censors; and where the press is free no one ever will." --Thomas Jefferson
"That government is best which governs the least, because its people discipline themselves." --Thomas Jefferson
"The care of human life and happiness, and not their destruction, is the first and only object of good government." --Thomas Jefferson
"The natural progress of things is for liberty to yield and government to gain ground." --Thomas Jefferson
"The measure of a man is what he does with power." --Plato
KNOWLEDGE"Errors of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it." --Thomas Jefferson
"I was bold in the pursuit of knowledge, never fearing to follow truth and reason to whatever results they led." --Thomas Jefferson
"Convictions are more dangerous foes of truth than lies." --Friedrich Nietzsche
"Ignorance, the root and stem of all evil." --Plato
LAW"It is more dangerous that even a guilty person should be punished without the forms of law than that he should escape." --Thomas Jefferson
"To compel a man to furnish funds for the propagation of ideas he disbelieves and abhors is sinful and tyrannical." --Thomas Jefferson
"No law or ordinance is mightier than understanding." --Plato
FOREIGN POLICY"Peace, commerse and honest friendship with all nations; entangling alliances with none." --Thomas Jefferson
WAR"War is an instrument entirely inefficient toward redressing wrong, and multiplies instead of indemnifying losses." --Thomas Jefferson
LIBERTY"We are not to expect to be translated from despotism to liberty in a featherbed." --Thomas Jefferson
"Rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others. I do not add 'within the limits of the law' because law is often but the tyrant's will, and always so when it violates the rights of the individual." --Thomas Jefferson
ART"We have art in order not to die of the truth." --Friedrich Nietzsche
LIFE"Experience, as a desire for experience, does not come off. We must not study ourselves while having an experience." --Friedrich Nietzsche
"Let us beware of saying that death is the opposite of life. The living being is only a species of the dead, and a very rare species." --Friedrich Nietzsche
RELIGION"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." --Arthur C. Clark
"The invisible and the nonexistent look very much alike." --Soup to Nutz cartoon
"I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours." --Steven Roberts
"We must question the story logic of having an all-knowing all-powerful God, who creates faulty Humans, and then blames them for his own mistakes." --Gene Roddenberry
"Two hands working can do more than a thousand clasped in prayer."
"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day; teach a man to fish and he will eat for a lifetime; give a man religion and he will die praying for a fish."
"Religion does three things quite effectively: Divides people, Controls people, Deludes people." --Carlespie Mary Alice McKinney
"Be thankful that you have a life, and forsake your vain and presumptuous desire for a second one." --Richard Dawkins
"The Government of the United States is in no sense founded on the Christian religion." --John Adams, 2nd President of the United States
"Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?" --Epicurus
LOVE"It is not a lack of love, but a lack of friendship that makes unhappy marriages." --Friedrich Nietzsche
"One ought to hold on to one's heart; for if one lets it go, one soon loses control of the head too." --Friedrich Nietzsche
"There is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness." --Friedrich Nietzsche
SUCCESS"Many are stubborn in pursuit of the path they have chosen, few in pursuit of the goal." --Friedrich Nietzsche
"This is the hardest of all: to close the open hand out of love, and keep modest as a giver." --Friedrich Nietzsche
"To live is to suffer, to survive is to find some meaning in the suffering." --Friedrich Nietzsche
FRIENDS"People who have given us their complete confidence believe that they have a right to ours. The inference is false, a gift confers no rights." --Friedrich Nietzsche
Got any quotes to add?
Friday, 21 August 2009
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Funny comment
Kudos to MAD__HATT3R for part of a comment I read on a Revelife post:
"Delusional thiking is thinking that telepathically communicating to and loving an omnipresent all-knowing, all-powerful jewish zombie that was his own faather will somehow grant you aaccess to eternal life that you would have had anyway if a rib woman wouldn't have listened to a talking snake about eating from a magical tree. So now you have to symbolically commit cannibalism in order to respect the all-knowing zombie in hopes that he will come back after a lengthy sabbatical and take you to his lair."
This made me laugh out loud.
Thursday, 23 July 2009
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AMERICA’S HEALTH CARE: PLANS, POLICIES, AND PROFIT
H.L. Mencken claimed that there is a “simple, elegant, and wrong" solution for every problem (Tanner "Universal Healthcare..."). Today that solution appears to be providing universal health care in the United States. America’s current health care system does have a problem that increases costs and lowers quality, but the problem is not what most people think it is, and universal health care could harm most Americans rather than help.
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CAREAccording to a 2005 Harris Poll, 75% of Americans want universal health care (“Heath Care…”). The concept sounds appealing: Everyone gets health care, perhaps even for free, so they can stay out of hospitals and contribute in the workforce. But theory is not reality. As seen in other nations with universal health care, universal coverage does not guarantee "actual access to medical care" (Tanner "Universal Healthcare...").
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In the United States, the supply of medical resources for health care is already strained. Fewer than 2% of all medical students are choosing to specialize in primary care medicine, which manages 80% of all health care needs. In addition, a large number of physicians are scheduled to retire within the next five years ("Primary care shortage..."). Introduce the demand of universal health care to this diminishing supply of medically trained professionals and it is easy to envision mass shortages of every medical resource.
How does universal health care increase demand? According to the law of supply and demand, lowering prices increases demand. The demand for a free product is astronomical: customers will swamp any store that offers free donuts, coffee, movies, etc., even if they do not need it. Customers have incentives to grab a product that they would normally have to invest their resources to get. After all, they can usually turn around and either sell it or exchange it for another product or service. They lose nothing and make a profit.
The supply and demand for health care is no different. Supply is limited by the availability of medical resources, the technology to convert them into medical products, and skilled professionals to administer care ("Universal Healthcare..."). Offering free health care causes consumer demand to skyrocket far beyond the available resources, as described below. And when an industry faces more demand than it can supply, it faces shortages.
Nations such as Canada, Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Sweden, and Japan all have some form of universal health care, and they already experience shortages of medical resources. In general, hospitals in these nations are overcrowded and have neither available beds nor enough doctors to meet the need (Stossel "Sick in America..."). In Britain, nearly 900,000 citizens await admission to hospitals, and shortages of medical supplies and available doctors cause the cancellations of over 50,000 surgeries per year (Tanner "Universal Healthcare..."). Heart surgery wait lists times in Sweden can be longer than six months (Tanner "Universal Healthcare...").

Experts point out that systems such as Switzerland's lack incentives for providers and patients alike to "seek out efficient, high value care" ("Universal Problems..."). Patients have no incentive to seek out better prices because they are not paying with their own money. Providers have no incentive to improve their performance because they have no positive reinforcement or reward; governments hold down health care costs by paying providers less (Stossel "Sick in America...").
America has more incentives than other countries, which lead to better health care. Lower income Americans are actually in better health than Canadians of comparable income, and Americans in general wait half as long as Canadian and British patients do for health care ("10 Surprising Facts..."). In addition, Americans have much better access to newer, better technologies than do Canadians or Britons. For example, the United States has 34 CT scanners per million Americans whereas Canada has 12 and Britain has only eight. The United States also has 27 MRI machines per million Americans compared to six each in Canada and Britain ("10 Surprising Facts...").
Americans often have easier access to cutting edge technologies because Americans have invented, and continue to invent, the majority of all health care innovations. The top five U.S. hospitals conduct more clinical trials than all hospitals in any other industrialized country combined ("Franklin Delano Obama"). In addition, American researchers have won the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology more often than researchers from all other countries combined ("Winners of the Nobel...").
One reason for the low quality of universal health care is because governments must keep costs down by not investing in better care. One British hospital told its employees to simply turn over dirty sheets instead of changing them every day (Stossel "Sick in America..."). The Canadian Adverse Events Study reports that "adverse events” in Canadian hospitals result in 9,000- 24,000 deaths every year ("Universal Problems..."). Nonlethal events keep Canadians in hospitals for a total of over a million extra days per year ("Universal Problems...").
Another reason for the poor quality of medical services in universal health care is the unavoidable rationing of the depleted supply of medical resources. England’s medical rationing is considered to be the “most aggressive… known to the free world” because it delays care to patients unless – or until – they are critically ill ("Obama's Health Care..."). Americans have better access to cancer screening than do Canadians ("Health Status...") and better access to treatment for chronic diseases than do patients in other developed countries ("The Grass Is Not Always Greener...").
What about countries where health care providers “operate as private businesses” (“Heath Care…”) and the government just pays the bills? In those countries the health care is better than it is under government-monopolized health care, but the government is paying all of the medical costs for everyone. It still offers no incentive for the insured customer to shop for better deals and no incentive for health care providers to compete for customers by lowering prices or improving their services. Those countries suffer the same problem as does the medical insurance industry in general, but I discuss that below.
In addition to negative aspects such as shortages and poor quality of medical resources, universal health care costs a fortune. France’s health care system, for example, reported a $15 billion deficit in 2004 ("Universal Problems..."). To cover the cost of universal health care, many nations maintain “sky-high taxes” ("Obama's Health Care..."). In 2007, America's average personal tax rate was 28.3 percent of the GDP compared to Canada's 33.3 percent, Germany's 36.2 percent, England's 36.6 percent, and France's 43.6 percent. Japan's tax rate equals that of the United States, but its debt last year was 170 percent of its GDP, three times more than that of the United States ("Obama's Health Care...").
How bad is universal health care? Citizens from nations with universal health care, including citizens from Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, and even people such as the Archbishop Desmond Tutu and prime ministers from Italy, actually come to the United States to get health care (Stossel "Sick in America..."). The less fortunate are forced to simply watch as even minor medical problems become life-threatening while they await care; some people die in the queue ("Obama's Health Care..."). Citizens even resort to performing procedures themselves; for example, citizens in Britain have been known to pull their own teeth using pliers and vodka (Stossel "Sick in America...").

Why is universal health care so expensive? In many nations, the government monopolizes health care, and provision of private health care is illegal. Because monopolies have no competition, they do not have to cater to consumer demand. Such governments can afford to waste the taxpayers' money because the taxpayers have no legal alternative.
But now more and more Canadians are going to private, for-profit clinics, even though they are illegal in Canada (Stossel "Sick in America..."). Canadian doctors face such a demand for quality health care that a new clinic emerges every week; even the President of the Canadian Medical Association has opened one (Stossel "Sick in America...").
But how do private companies provide better quality care than the government does?
PRIVATE, FOR-PROFIT COMPANIESOne reason why two-thirds of Americans want universal health care is because they want to avoid the stigma of “greed.” Most people scorn privatized health care because it "profits from sick people."
But what about other industries that profit from misfortune? What about funeral homes that profit from dead people and their families? What about military suppliers that profit from the spoils of war and instruments of death? Although unpleasant, we need funeral homes to dispose of the dead and military suppliers to provide a means of defense. The only way that these service industries can survive without the government monopolizing them is through private, for-profit companies.

In the movie Wall Street, Gordon Gecko claims that “greed, for lack of a better word, is good.” Gecko was right to say “for lack of a better word” because the word “greed” has a negative connotation. It means "an excessive, extreme desire for something, often more than one's proper share…" ("Greed definition"). When one takes more than his or her proper share, one also takes part of another person’s share. This is theft, which means that greedy individuals harm others.
Had Gecko’s actions been legal, he could have used the word “ambition,” which has a neutral or even positive connotation. It means an "eager or strong desire to achieve something" ("Ambition definition"). Ambition benefits us because on the other end of the challenge is a reward. Rewards, like a monetary prize at the end of a race, give us incentives to perform our best. Ambition, unlike greed, tends to help instead of hurt because we only reap what we sow. In working toward our goal, we also produce services or goods that others want.
Ambition fuels innovation. Henry Ford did not cut the cost of the automobile by half within eight years out of love but because he wanted to make a profit from selling them (Stossel "Sick in America..."). He became one of the richest people in the world because he created a product that people willingly paid to own. In capitalism, the only legal way for an individual to make a profit is to help others profit. It is a win-win concept.
This kind of motivation produces the best in everything. Take medicine, for example. The government is responsible for four percent of the drugs on the market today (Stossel "Sick in America..."). The other 96 percent of such drugs have been produced by for-profit companies, which perform better than the government because success rewards them and gives them an incentive to work hard, whereas government workers lack such incentives.
For-profit companies meet customer demand more than do nonprofit companies. For example, Jeff Ellis runs a for-profit lifeguard training program at Jeff Ellis & Associates, Inc. After training lifeguards, he surprises graduates with unscheduled drills and even films their performance secretly to test their commitment level. If he catches any lifeguard not doing his or her job, he fires them. Ellis’s for-profit company competes with Red Cross, which provides nonprofit training. Because Red Cross does not routinely test the performance of its graduates, the lifeguards it trains have no incentive to perform well at all times.
Ellis has caught Red Cross graduates on camera leaving their chairs to talk to women, cook hamburgers, or even lounge in the sun (Stossel "Sick in America..."). The lifeguards trained by Mr. Ellis, however, remain vigilant and in their chairs at all times. They know that their performance matters and that they will lose their jobs if they do not meet expectations. In the end, lifeguards trained by the private, for-profit company outperform those trained by the nonprofit company because the former have more incentive to perform well than do the latter. As a result, eighty percent of all water parks in the United States are clients of Jeff Ellis & Associates, Inc., a for-profit company ("About Us").
For-profit businesses outperform nonprofit businesses because they compete with each other and/or similar businesses. When people pay out of their own pockets, they are more likely to watch what they spend than when someone else foots the bill. Private businesses must invest their own money, unlike the government or nonprofit programs. To attract customers, private businesses must compete with one another by catering to consumer demand. They do this by producing better quality services than do their rivals. These high-quality services benefit their customers, who return the favor by paying the company. These benefits arise from the so-called “greed” for profit.

Lasik eye surgery is considered to be cosmetic by health insurance companies, and they will not cover the surgery. Customers must pay out of their own pockets, so they have an incentive to shop for the best deals. Providers have to compete for business, so they must offer cheaper or better services than do their rivals. Since Lasik surgery became cosmetic and companies had to compete for business, Lasik surgery prices have dropped 30% and the quality of the product has improved greatly (Stossel "Sick in America...").
How about a health care example? One doctor named Robert Barry refuses to accept payment for his medical service from health insurance companies. He saves time and money by doing so because he does not have to fill out paperwork or pay extra employees to do it (Stossel "Sick in America..."). Instead, he can invest that time and money in his company, improve services, and increase employee wages. With the money he saves, Barry can afford to provide better service than do his rivals. He profits, and so do his customers.
Critics claim that forcing customers to pay for medical costs themselves will give them an incentive to avoid getting needed medical care. But studies show that individual is the best judge of his or her needs. People with high deductibles take better care of themselves than those with low deductibles (Stossel "Sick in America..."). They must pay more before their insurance covers them, so they make sure that they spend their money on the best deals.
Government monopolies have no competition, so they do not need to cater to their customers. This lack of incentive to improve is why the government produces poor quality programs and services and why the private market excels.
But we have private, for-profit health care companies in the United States… so why do we have health care problems?
HEALTH INSURANCEHealth insurance might be the biggest problem with America’s health care. In addition to currently being an oligopoly, health insurance in general restricts worker flexibility, hinders businesses, fails to produce high-quality results, and encourages wasteful spending.
Health insurance companies have formed an “oligopoly,” a small number of suppliers that can control prices in their market(s). According to the American Antitrust Institute, four health insurance companies dominate the market and have acquired monopolies "in dozens of markets" ("In Greater..."). A 2008 survey by the American Medical Association found that 94 percent of the nation’s metropolitan areas “meet the federal antitrust definition of being highly concentrated” despite having over 1,000 private health insurers. One insurer controlled “at least half the market in 44 percent of the areas” ("In Greater..."). The health insurance is being consolidated by a few companies, reducing competition.
Dr. J. James Rohack, president of the American Medical Association, states that "as insurers have grown more concentrated, they've earned record profits, even while the number of uninsured Americans has increased because they can't afford premiums" ("In Greater..."). The poor can't afford health care because insurance providers have a chokehold on the industry and prevent competition from lowering prices.
A public option would force these companies to compete, but it too faces problems. If the government funds the public option through taxes, it would be investing the taxpayer’s money instead of its own. This “unfair competitive advantage” would bankrupt private insurers that must invest their own money and result in “a government takeover of health care and fewer choices for patients” ("In Greater..."). If the public option tries to compete long-term, it will most likely fail without funding through taxes because of the lack of incentives explained earlier.
Instead, the United States needs to conduct a thorough investigation into the health insurance industry for signs of anticompetitive practices and take legal action accordingly. The American Medical Association asserts that the Justice Department has only challenged three of the 400+ mergers of health insurers and managed-care organizations in the past 12 years ("In Greater..."). Meanwhile, profits at 10 of the nation's largest health insurance companies have risen 428 percent from 2000 to 2007 – coincidentally during a certain president's disastrous reign ("New Report: Private...").
Aside from monopolies, the health insurance industry restricts worker flexibility. How easily can you switch jobs if your insurance is tied to your current employer and you have a need for medical insurance? That need ties you to your job, and if you lose your job then you also lose your health insurance. Considering that four out of 10 Americans change jobs every year, that is 40% of Americans who risk losing their health insurance (Stossel "Sick in America..."). In addition, more than half of the employers who offer health insurance do not let their employees choose among various health plans, so the employees cannot stimulate competition ("Why Tie Health Insurance to a Job?").Health insurance also hurts companies by adding to their cost of operating. GM spent more money on health insurance for its employees than it did on purchasing steel, a factor that led to GM’s downfall (Stossel "Sick in America..."). In fact, employer-based health insurance costs companies more than $75 billion every year in marketing, sales, billing, and other administrative costs ("Why Tie Health Insurance to a Job?").
Workers unions often pressure employers to “take care” of their employees by offering health insurance, but their well-intended requirement backfires. Providing health insurance adds to the employer’s costs, and the employer must offset these costs by either hiring fewer employees, reducing wages, or charging more for the company’s products. If employers left the responsibility for health insurance up to the employee, they would not have to resort to these measures.

Like universal health care generally seems to be, health insurance has proven to be mostly inefficient in providing better health. Several studies have found “no causal relationship" between insurance and health; one study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that an individual’s insurance status was "largely unrelated to the quality of care" (Tanner "Universal Healthcare...").
Health insurance uses a method than can be called collective redistribution. When an insured customer becomes sick, the health insurance company can 1) drop them, 2) charge them more according to their estimated cost increase, 3) increase premiums for all customers, or 4) earn lower profits. Most companies choose the third method; the more sick patients they cover, the higher the costs become for everyone (Stossel "Sick in America...").
But does the increasing cost of American health care result from caring for the uninsured? According to the Urban Institute, uncompensated care for uninsured patients costs less than 3% of our total healthcare spending (Tanner "Universal Healthcare..."). So it is not necessarily the uncompensated care of the uninsured that makes health care so expensive for the rest of us… could it be the 250 million that are insured (Stossel "Sick in America...")? As stated before, health care costs rise when health care providers have no incentive to lower their prices in order to compete with other companies. Providers have no need to compete when their patients are insured, because customers have no incentive to seek better prices if their insurance company pays for them.

Health insurance companies discriminate against individuals. They give tax breaks, lower deductibles, and lower general costs to employers, but charge individuals up to 10 percent of their income ("New report..."). This makes it harder for the individual to afford a plan that fits their needs without restricting that individual to their current job.
The U.S. government is also causing the rise in health care costs. The government will not cover expenses for certain methods that health care providers use, even efficient ones like using electronic medical records (Stossel "Sick in America..."). Health care providers must either pay for these electronic records themselves or, more often, invest their space, time, and money in filing cabinets and folders. The cost of these resources could be saved by the use of electronic medical records, but the government refuses to cover the expenses and doctors refuse to pay for electronic methods out of their own pockets.
Health insurance also gives its insured customers incentives to spend more. Insured patients often request procedures they do not need just because their insurance company covers them (Stossel "Sick in America..."). Insured patients also tend not to pay attention to prices because they are spending someone else's money. When customers do not search for the best deals, doctors have no need to worry about coaxing them through the door with competitive prices.
In summary, most forms of universal health care drain the supply of medical resources, cause excessive demand, and produce both poor quality of health care and shortages of medical resources. The popular contempt for private, for-profit companies is baseless because they perform a needed service better do than the government and nonprofit organizations. Competition improves the quality of products and services, and the lack of competition in government-run industries negatively impacts both quality and prices. Health insurance often ties employees to their current jobs, increases costs and lowers productivity for the employers themselves, fails to produce high-quality results, and gives their customers an incentive to spend more.I hope this helps you better understand the causes of America’s health care situation and the possible consequences of the proposed solutions.
WORK CITED- 2009. County of Fresno. 1 Aug 2009. <http://www.co.fresno.ca.us/uploadedImages/Departments/Personnel_Services/Employee_Benefits/Leaves_of_Absence_Info/paperwork.jpg>
- 2009. Cuba FPA Home. 1 Aug 2009. <http://cuba.foreignpolicyblogs.com/files/2009/06/health-care-toon.jpg>
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- 2009. WordPress.com. 1 Aug 2009. <http://frugalyankee.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/greed_trust2.jpg>
- 1 Aug 2009. Catholica. 1 Aug 2009. <http://www.catholica.com.au/cliffstake/images/HealthCareQuestion_300x320.jpg>
- 1 Aug 2009. OneWorld.net. 1 Aug 2009. <http://us.oneworld.net/files/images/San%20Francisco%20Rally%20for%20Universal%20Health%20Care%20(Steve%20Rhodes).jpg>
- "About Us." 18 August 2004. Jeff Ellis & Associates, Inc.<http://www.jellis.com/about-us.html>
- "Ambition definition." 2009. Dictionary.com 23 July 2009. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ambition>
- Anderson, Matthew. "Universal Healthcare: Easier Said Than Done." 16 Feb 2008. Whitehouser.com. 22 July 2009. <http://whitehouser.com/policy/domestic/healthcare-limited-supply-unlimited-demand/>
- Atlas, Scott. "10 Surprising Facts About American Health Care." 24 March 2009. National Center for Policy Analysis. 26 July 2009. <http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba649>
- Brayer, Toni J. "Primary care shortage dooms universal health care." 30 Oct 2008. ACP Internist. 22 July 2009. <http://blogs.acponline.org/acpinternist/2008/10/primary-care-shortage-dooms-universal.html>
- Consumer Federation of California. 1 Aug 2009. <http://www.consumercal.org/img/original/cost%20of%20care.jpg>
- Dalmia, Shikha. "Obama's Health Care Quackery: Countries with universal health care are economically worse off than the U.S." 7 May 2009. Reason Magazine. 23 July 2009. <http://www.reason.com/news/show/133344.html>
- DiPiero, Albert. "Universal Problems & Universal Healthcare: 6 Countries - 6 Systems." Fall 2004. Willamette University. 23 July 2009. <http://www.willamette.edu/centers/publicpolicy/projects/oregonsfuture/PDFvol5no2/countries_healthcare.pdf>
- Emanual, Ezekial J., and Ron Wyden. "Why Tie Health Insurance to a Job?" 10 Dec 2008. The Wall Street Journal. 21 July 2009. <http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122887085038593345.html>
- "Greed definition." 2009. Dictionary.com 23 July 2009. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/greed>
- John Stossell. "Greed." Spring 1999. 20/20. 24 July 2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0VHiONkot8>
- John Stossell. "Sick in America: Whose Body Is It Anyway?" Fall 2007. 20/20. 24 July 2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEXFUbSbg1I>
- Kristof, Nicholas D. "Franklin Delano Obama." 28 February 2009. The New York Times. 26 July 2009. <http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/opinion/01Kristof.html?_r=1>
- Mahon, Mary. "New report: Individual health insurance market failing consumers." 21 July 2009. The Commonwealth Fund. 21 July 3009. <http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-07/cf-nri072009.php>
- O.Neill, June, and Dave M. "Health Status, Health Care and Inequality: Canada vs. the U.S."
- Pibel, Doug, and Sarah van Gelder. “Health Care: It’s What Ails Us.” 19 July 2006. YES! 24 July 2009. <http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/health-care-for-all/1498>
- Tanner, Michael. "The Grass Is Not Always Greener: A Look at National Health Care Systems Around the World." 18 March 2008. The Cato Institute. 26 July 2009. <http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9272>
- Tanner, Michael, and Michael Cannon. "Universal health care's dirty little secrets." 5 April 2007. Los Angeles Times. 23 July 2009. <http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-tanner5apr05,0,2227144.story>
- "Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine." 2008. The Nobel Prize Internet Archive. 26 July 2009. <http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/medicine.html>
Groppe, Maureen. "In Greater Cincinati, Little Competition Among Health Insurers." 8 August 2009. The Enquirer. 30 September 2009.
"New Report: Private Insurance Mergers Lead to Near-Monopolies Across the Country." 2009. Health Care for America Now. 8 September 2009. http://healthcareforamericanow.org/site/content/new_report_private_insurers_consolidate_and_control_prices
Sunday, 12 July 2009
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Gun Control
Since I've been too busy to write essays, I'll just do regular summaries. This is on both Penn and Teller's episode and John Stossell's documentary on gun control laws.

2ND AMENDMENT:
"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed."
The founding fathers had just fought for their survival against a militia and would've lost without bearing arms (Penn and Teller).
- They thought Americans needed the 2nd amendment to provide an enforceable right in case Americans needed to protect themselves from the government (and other people) in the future (Penn and Teller).
CONCEALED CARRY LAWS:Allow people to carry a concealed firearm in public (Penn and Teller).
After D.C. passed a gun law, the murder rate quadrupled (Stossell).
Concealed carry laws decrease violent crime rates.
- Just showing a gun can often prevent a crime (Stossell).
- Attackers less likely to target areas where citizens can carry guns.
- Concealed firearms shift the balance of power to the victim.
Even those who choose not to carry a firearm also benefit from concealed carry laws (Penn and Teller).
- Criminals don't know who is and is not carrying a firearm (Stossell).
GUN-FREE ZONES:
Increase the penalty of carrying a gun in declared zones (Penn and Teller).
Put citizens at higher risk (Penn and Teller).
- Criminals don't obey laws (Stossell).
- Victims have no immediate protection (Stossell).
All mass shootings have occured in gun-free zones (Penn and Teller).
The National Academy of Science can find no gun regulation that has reduced violent crime or murder (Stossell).
VIOLENT OFFENDERS:
Of all violent offenders in prison, only 3.8% are women (Penn and Teller).
SO:
1) The Second Amendment protects our right to possess a firearm with which to defend ourselves.
2) Concealed carry laws deter crime and protect even nonparticipants.
3) Gun-free zones increase the risk of violence and endanger citizens.
4) No gun regulation has proven effective.
5) Almost all violent offenders are male.
Thursday, 18 June 2009
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Good lord...
OH MY GOD, OBAMA KILLED A FLY! He's so cruel! Murderer!
... um, mousetraps anyone? Ant poison? Slaughterhouses? Puppy mills?
Friday, 29 May 2009
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Why Intelligent Design Should Not Be Taught as Science
"Schools teach the theory of evolution, so they should teach the theory of intelligent design to be fair!"
I believe in freedom of religion. If an individual believes that a god created the world a few thousand years ago or that every organism appeared just like it is today (ie. without evolving) because it was created to be perfect, that's their belief. I may not agree with it and think this person is ignoring the tons of documented evidence refuting it, but he or she has the right to an opinion.
But if people who believe this want to inject it into every classroom in the United States and call it science, they are missing (or ignoring) an enormous obstacle: Intelligent design - even when separated from its religious roots - has no scientific consensus and fails almost every test. Our education system would suffer if forced to teach it, and here's why:
Intelligent design arose directly from creationism, the belief that everything was created as it is now and never evolved. It usually claims that life began according to the first chapter of Genesis ("Creationism"). Intelligent design replaced the word "God" with "an intelligent designer," but both involve the belief that the universe was designed and did not evolve by undirected natural processes ("Intelligent Design definition"). Different versions exist, some claiming evolution is false and some saying an "intelligent designer" guided evolution.
The concept of intelligent design fails right from the definition. If the intelligent designer was a god, it would be supernatural and therefore impossible to verify through scientific means. If the designer was a natural being such as an advanced extraterrestrial, then it would require its own designer (Lockitch "Intelligent Design..."). After all, it is still part of the same complex system that is supposedly too complex to happen without being designed. The "intelligent designer" in intelligent design can only be supernatural, and a supernatural science is not science.
To me, it sounds like the entire argument is based on control. According to these beliefs, the structure of the universe requires some degree of guidance by an intelligent being. Adam Smith's "Invisible Hand" concept shows why this is not true. Smith, the so-called father of economics, used this concept to explain how order can arise without being planned: spontaneous individual actions.

This concept can be seen in nature from flocks of birds to swarms of fish. All groups operate under the "invisible hand" concept because no single animal leads the group, yet all animals maintain perfect order. This is because every individual acts in its own self interest and follows specific instincts: Maintain distance from others so as not to bump into them, but keep close enough to remain part of the group and therefore benefit from it. This individual order produces order in the group, a larger system. No leader or designer needed here, just individual actions collectively creating complex patterns.
The universe needs no designer to develop order and complex systems out of chaos. Earth itself has existed for over four billion years, certainly enough time to develop patterns. Darwin's theory of evolution explains how nature has produced species best adapted to their environment: they were not spontaneously created this way one day but developed over time to their current state.
Even human reason and consciousness have evolved from the consistent growth of our ancestors' cognitive abilities. Studies have revealed that chimpanzees, with whom we share over 90% of our DNA, have the basics of language acquisition ("What Makes Us Human?"). Our use of language has developed from the cognitive development of our ancestors, who still exist today and can be observed evolving. Humans did not appear with fully-functioning language but perfected it over time as our cognitive abilities grew.
Even if design in nature were necessary, intelligent design has to undergo the same scrutiny as evolution did to be taught in our classrooms. Proponents would have to develop evidence, publish it to be reviewed by peers in the scientific community, and win a scientific consensus (Miller). But evolution is a valid theory because it has been verified. It started as an idea, then a hypothesis, and finally a tested theory. This is what separates intelligent design from evolution: Intelligent design has no empirical evidence and remains an untested hypothesis.
Most intelligent design proponents base their arguments on the belief that nature was designed instead of arising from random variations ("Intelligent Design"). Which aren't random at all, but that's another story. If all life was designed, then fossil records should show all forms of life mixed in all eras. Evolution predicts "temporal stratification" - primitive life forms in deeper fossil layers becoming more complex as they evolve and come closer to the surface of our present era ("Let's Test Them"). In reality, we don't find man and dinosaur fossils together or any other creatures separated by time. The evidence supports evolution and refutes the intelligent design theory.
(Yes, this is the Creation Museum - and yes, that is a human child hanging out with goofy-looking dinosaurs.)
Another claim is that because all life was designed by an "intelligent designer," organisms don't need to change or "evolve" because they were created perfect. One branch of intelligent design changed its tune to claim that life evolves but with the help of a god - which is supernatural and therefore unverifiable.
As for the rest who deny evolution, studies have found that chickens retain genes for producing teeth, whales retain genes for producing legs, and human infants have been born with fully-functioning tails complete with muscle control ("Tails in Humans"). These cases support evolution because these are inhibited genes no longer necessary but passed down from ancestors that once required them. This evidence also supports evolution while conflicting with intelligent design.
Many proponents of intelligent design claim that holes in evolution (claims that are repeatedly proven to be misinformed or false) mean that intelligent design is a valid alternative. That's like saying a bear is not a dog and therefore must be a cat. A lack of evidence for one theory does not automatically prove another. These claims try to "prove" intelligent design by pointing out that evolution somehow fails to explain certain aspects, but they don't have any evidence to actually support intelligent design!
The biggest problem with intelligent design is that it can be traced to a religious foundation, whether from its "ancestor" creationism or the fact that the only valid "designer" of the natural world according to intelligent design must be supernatural. Christianity already has a conclusion that its followers consider fact - the book of Genesis. So, while scientific conclusions are drawn from facts, proponents often look for facts to support their premature conclusion.

But finding facts to support an already existing conclusion is not science. Science would be changing a conclusion that does not fit the facts, but you can't change religious dogma because it is supposedly "the word of God" and infallible. Doesn't that conflict directly with science, though?
But that's the problem: science cannot test a supernatural claim. Nobody can dust fossils for God's fingerprints or prove the existence of a god. The entire basis of religion is that it is supernatural (Latin for "above nature") so no physical evidence is available or even necessary. How convenient! The proponents who claim that teaching intelligent design alongside with evolution is "fair" are misinformed. Equality would be to test the intelligent design hypothesis with empirical studies... which is impossible. The few pieces of empirical evidence that have been submitted for intelligent design have been repeatedly proven false.
Yet even if we could somehow verify or disprove the existence of a god, it probably wouldn't sway those who believe in one. Religion in general is rooted in the idea that mortals are inferior to a god, so our science is flawed. Even visible evidence probably wouldn't convince them because their reason lies in the supernatural world, not the natural.

Religious rulers must find this very convenient because even when faced with facts, their followers will not turn from their prescribed religion. In fact, scientists in the past who discovered information that disproved a "truth" of the Church were persecuted: Copernicus, Bruno, Galileo, Newton... and Darwin ("There is no war..."). Science has excelled since the church lost absolute power, but this debate is another example of religion attacking evidence that contradicts its own false truths.
This scares me the most: If the balance between science and religion is viewed as a pendulum, the United States might be swinging back toward religion. Today, more people believe in creationism (43%) than evolution (39%) despite science continually improving and revealing facts that support evolution and refute creationism. If Americans prefer supernatural explanations to reason, the United States could be heading toward deliberate stupidity.
According to James L. Powell, any society that "turns its back on reason and prefers ideology is headed towards some kind of theocracy." Combine these creationism vs. evolution statistics with prevailing religious influence over national decisions like same-sex marriage, stem-cell research, and abortion, and you'll find both increasing stupidity and the crumbling separation of church and state... which are essential in a theocracy.
...and for your time, here's a simple walkthrough of evolution narrated by Carl Sagen:
WORKS CITED29 May 2009. <http://politicalderby.com/wp-admin/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/miracle_occurs.jpg>
Cox and Forkum. <http://www.capmag.com/images2y346y/comics/cf/05.09.27.NewCreation-X.gif>
"Creationism definition." 2009. Dictionary.com, LLC. 27 May 2009. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/creationism>
DonExodus2. "Let's Test Them: Evolution vs. Creationism." 29 April 2008. Youtube, LLC. 25 May 2009. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9V_2r2n4b5c&NR=1>
"Intelligent Design definition." 2009. Dictionary.com, LLC. 27 May 2009. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/creationism>
"Intelligent Design - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)." Center for Science and Culture. 27 May 2009. <http://www.intelligentdesign.org/faq.php>
Huppi, Tom. "There is no war between science and Christianity." 25 May 2009. <http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-sciencechristianity.htm>
Lockitch, Keith. "'Intelligent Design': Religion Masquerading as Science." 27 September 2005. Capitalism Magazine. 29 May 2009. <http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?ID=4424>
Mark, Isaac. "CA040: Equal Time." 2007. TalkOrigins.org. 29 May 2009. <http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CA/CA040.html>
Pollard, Katherine S. "What Makes Us Human?" May 2009. Scientific American Inc. 27 May 2009. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-makes-us-human>
Purdom, Dr. Georgia. "If human and chimp DNA are so similar, why are there so many physical and mental differences between them?" 5 September 2006. <http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n2/human-and-chimp-dna>
Smith, Dr. Michael. "Creation Vs. Evolution: 150 Years and Still Not Accepted." 23 Feb 2009. Associated Content, Inc. 27 May 2009. <http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1488976/creation_vs_evolution_150_years_and.html>
"Tails in Humans." DiMaggio.Org. 27 May 2009. <http://www.dimaggio.org/Eye-Openers/tails_in_humans.htm>
The New York Times. 29 May 2009. <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/11/13/science/swarm_3_600.1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/13/science/13traff.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&usg=__Z3NNCV_t-3KJ1baVt7z39j_2sww=&h=292&w=600&sz=66&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=lAXLeLPOzJ4hLM:&tbnh=66&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dswarm%2Bof%2Bfish%26hl%3Den%26um%3D1>
Owen, James. "Evolution Less Accepted in U.S. Than Other Western Countries, Study Finds." 10 August 2006. National Geographic Society. 27 May 2009. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/08/060810-evolution.html>
Wordpress.com. 29 May 2009. <http://archvillain.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/creationism.jpg>
Wordpress.com. 29 May 2009. <http://beyond-school.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/creationmuseum-by-rauchdickson.jpg>
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